By DAN MALLOY
Solid waste may not be the most glamorous issue for a Mayor. It can be nasty business in more than a few ways. It is expensive to collect, to sort, to recycle, and to dispose of. The business can be cutthroat, or totally non-competitive. Technology is slow to be adopted, especially here in New England.
In other words, solid waste is a great opportunity for local government to improve services, cut costs and implement modern, environmentally friendly practices. And that is precisely what we’re doing in Stamford.
Recycling
The first order of the day is recycling. The more waste we divert from disposal, the better off we all are in several ways. First is our environment. Whether our garbage is burned in an incinerator in Bridgeport or shipped to an Ohio landfill – and neither option is especially good for the environment – the less the better. Second is cost. In my view, every dollar spent to dispose of recyclable waste is a dollar diverted from something useful. Plus, we are today fortunate to have actual economic value in some recyclable materials. Corrugated cardboard, office paper, newsprint and plastic bottles all have active markets paying tens or hundreds of dollars per ton. If we do it right, that value will cover the costs of collecting, sorting, and transporting these materials, or at least a good portion of these costs.
Our challenge now is to increase the amount of recyclables that we divert from our garbage. The first step we took this year was to bring the service in-house. We collect two streams every week – mixed containers and mixed paper, including newsprint. With new state-of-the-art collection trucks and a dedicated collections staff, we are already seeing gains in our diversion rate.
Collection and Disposal
The next step is to bring new technology and new efficiency to garbage collection and disposal. This summer we instituted semi-automated collection, with each household issued a wheeled garbage bin that can be dumped into a garbage truck using a hydraulic tipper. This should not only make for less litter and greater convenience for residents, but also reduce injuries for our staff. We are soon beginning a pilot program that uses a fully automated truck in which the driver uses a joystick to dump bins with a hydraulic arm. It won’t work well in more urban neighborhoods, but should improve our efficiency hugely in parks and a few other areas without heavy on-street parking.
Our disposal options have been complicated by a pending change in ownership of the Bridgeport trash-to-energy plant that has been the final resting place for most of the garbage generated in Fairfield County, including Stamford’s. As such, we decided to take proactive steps to generate competition and lower our costs. Based on those efforts, we have just begun a new contract with a firm called Trans-Load. This firm uses new portable baling technology to reduce transportation costs. The round bales they produce can be shipped on flat-bed trailers and are easily trans-loaded onto rail cars or even barges for shipment – all at comparatively low cost. This is good for Stamford today, but, just as important, we have begun to create a competitive marketplace for garbage disposal in which technology is reducing costs.
The Role of Local Government
While Stamford’s progress is a bright spot, the impending changes at the Bridgeport plant and other trash-to-energy plants in the state have municipalities deeply concerned. About 60% of Connecticut’s 4 million tons of garbage goes to these plants, and each ton is expensive. As an example, in Stamford we dispose of about 70,000 tons, for a total bill of about $5.5 million. Once private operators can charge whatever the market will bear to accept, prices may become unbearably high if there are no alternatives.
In response, there have been some calls for legislation that would regulate trash-to-energy facilities like public utilities. The argument is that the garbage disposal business is not competitive because of limited disposal options and the disproportionate market power of facilities like the plant in Bridgeport. Regulation could keep tipping fees lower based on the costs of disposal, not a monopoly price. This proposal has some merit, although as I look at the whopping rate increases that have been approved for electricity and water in recent years, I wonder if that agency is going to be effective at controlling a new, unfamiliar industry.
No matter what the solution, we should consider what role, if any, CRRA should play. Their reputation among local officials has suffered badly. It may be time for local governments, working alone and with one another, to chart new, separate courses. This is what Stamford is doing, and others are gearing up to do. In Norwalk, for instance, a group of towns has come together to solicit bids for garbage disposal once their agreement expires in a year. I hope that process is a successful one as well, not only for the taxpayers who will benefit, but for all of us who benefit from a functioning, transparent market.
It may not be pretty, but solid waste and recycling are an area where we need to make progress, modernize, and create efficiency, both for our environment and for our wallets.
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